Initially, antivirus software was designed to detect and remove computer viruses. However, as new types of malware emerged, antivirus programs had to evolve to keep up with the growing threats .
Today, antivirus software can protect against a variety of threats, including :
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Malware
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Spyware
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Viruses
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Worms
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Adware (advertising software)
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Phishing attacks
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Ransomware
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Trojan horses
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Spam
Let’s take a closer look at each of these threats:
Malware
Malware is the most common security threat that affects millions of users every year. Clicking on a malicious attachment or link can unknowingly install dangerous software on your computer. Malware can disrupt your computer’s operation, steal confidential information, and even install additional malicious programs .
In short, malware is any malicious software designed to harm your computer. It can come in many forms, such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, adware, and ransomware .
If your computer is behaving strangely or you’re losing access to accounts like Netflix or Gmail, it may be infected with malware .
Installing an antivirus program like Malwarebytes or Bitdefender can help protect against malware. However, it is important to keep your antivirus software up to date .
Malware can get onto your computer in a variety of ways – through email attachments, file downloads, or visiting infected websites .
Spyware
Spyware is malicious software designed to secretly collect information from your computer or mobile device without your knowledge or consent. It can track your online activities, steal login information (including passwords), and credit card numbers. The collected information is then passed on to third parties such as advertisers, data collectors, and cybercriminals .
Spyware can spread through malicious links, opening infected attachments, or downloading files from unreliable sources. It is often difficult to detect because it hides inside seemingly legitimate software .
Symptoms of a spyware infection may include :
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Computer slows down
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Pop-up ads in your browser
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Changing your home page without your consent
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Receiving spam
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Problems logging in to websites
If you suspect a spyware infection, scan your device with an antivirus program, remove suspicious programs, and change your passwords .
Viruses
A computer virus is software that can replicate and spread from one computer to another. Once a computer is infected, the virus inserts its code into other computer programs. This code is executed when the infected programs are run, which can cause damage or other unwanted effects .
Viruses can spread in a variety of ways, including email attachments, file sharing, and infected websites .
Worms
A worm is a type of malware that can self-replicate and spread from one computer to another without user intervention. Unlike a virus, a worm does not need to be attached to a host program. Instead, it is malware that spreads over a network, using Internet or local area network (LAN) connections, and can carry out attacks on its own .
Symptoms of a virus or worm infection may include :
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Computer slows down
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System hangs or crashes
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Automatic launch of programs
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Unusual browser
Antivirus programs like Avast and Kaspersky can regularly scan your computer for these symptoms and ensure it is functioning properly .
Adware
Adware can be found on both computers and mobile devices. It tracks your online behavior and displays personalized ads. In most cases, adware is a nuisance, displaying unwanted and annoying pop-up ads on your device and creating open doors for other malicious programs .
Adware usually lands on a user’s device when installing free software that has additional adware components. This is how developers make money by installing adware without your consent. What’s worse, hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in your software or operating system to inject malware onto your device .
Phishing
Attackers send phishing emails that look like they come from banks, credit card companies, or government agencies. These emails try to trick the recipient into revealing their Social Security number, credit card number, or login information through a malicious link or attachment. Phishing is often effective because it looks so realistic .
Emails may address recipients by name and use legitimate company logos. Attackers also use urgent language or threats to force users to act quickly. Be wary of emails or messages asking for sensitive information. Don’t click on links or reply to emails right away. Instead, try to contact the company or organization directly to verify the email or message .
Antivirus programs detect and block malicious links and attachments in phishing emails and messages. They can also scan your computer for malware that may have been installed as a result of a phishing attack and remove it before it can do any damage. PushSec
Ransomware
Ransomware is a dangerous malware that locks the user out of their files or computer and demands a ransom to restore access. It spreads in a variety of ways, such as phishing emails, malicious websites, and unauthorized software downloads .
Once installed, the ransomware encrypts all files on the computer, including personal documents, photos, videos, and financial data. Attackers then demand a payment to unlock the device and restore access to files and data. The victim cannot access their files unless they pay the ransom .
In some cases, attackers even delete data or publish it online. Ransomware attacks can be devastating
